The differences between Top-Over Lashing (Tie-Down) and Direct Lashing

When securing cargo for transportation, two primary lashing methods are commonly employed: top-over lashing (also known as tie-down lashing) and direct lashing. Both methods serve to secure cargo during transit but are applied in different ways and under different circumstances. Understanding the distinctions between these methods, including their advantages and disadvantages, can be critical to ensuring the safety and stability of the load.

Top-Over Lashing (Tie-Down Lashing)

Top-Over lashing is a method primarily designed to increase the friction between the cargo and the surface on which it rests by applying a downward force. This method is typically employed by placing lashings over the cargo and tightening them down, which presses the cargo onto the surface. The goal is to prevent horizontal movement by utilizing the friction created by the downward pressure.

 

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Key Advantages

1. Ease of application

Top-over lashing is relatively simple to apply, requiring minimal equipment or expertise. It is often used when there are no suitable points to attach direct lashings.

2. Widely applicable

This method is commonly used in situations where lashing points are missing, or the cargo's shape makes direct lashing impractical (pallets on trucks etc.).

Key Disadvantages

1. Limited securing force

The effectiveness of top-over lashing relies heavily on the friction coefficient between the cargo and the surface. This method only uses a portion (typically 25-50%) of the maximum securing load (MSL), depending on the tension applied. As a result, it does not fully utilize the strength of the lashing system​ (lashing – methods basic…).

2. Potential cargo movement

If the angle of the lashing is not optimal (close to 90 degrees), the system may allow tilting or lateral movement of the cargo, especially in cases of sudden shifts in the vehicle or container's position​ (lashing – methods basic…).

3. Less secure for high loads

Because top-over lashing depends on friction, it may not be as effective in securing heavy or irregular loads, especially if the load shifts or if the container tilts​ (lashing – methods basic…).

Direct Lashing

Direct lashing, on the other hand, is designed to counter the forces acting on the cargo directly. In this method, the lashing is attached from the cargo to a securing point in the container or vehicle, typically following the direction of potential movement. In many cases direct lashing is active in more directions.

 

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Key Advantages

1. Maximizes securing force

Direct lashing uses the full securing load of the lashing system, ensuring maximum resistance against movement in the direction of applied forces. This makes it highly effective for securing all kinds of loads or those at risk of significant shifts or tipping during transport.

2. Safe for heavy cargo

Direct lashing is the only way to secure heavy cargo as the only limit is the strength of the lashing material.

3. Versatile variants

Direct lashing comes in several variants, including cross lashing, spring lashing, and loop lashing, allowing for customization based on the cargo and its unique transport requirements​.

4. Safety

Direct lashing brings outstanding safety and effectiveness. In combination with Anti-slip materials the shipper can achieve compliant cargo securing with lower cost compared to tie down system.

Key Disadvantages

1. More complex setup

Unlike top-over lashing, direct lashing requires suitable points on both the cargo and the container or vehicle for attachment. In some cases, these points may not be available, or the cargo may not lend itself to this method.

2. Higher skill requirement

Properly applying direct lashing often requires more experience and knowledge. Mistakes in angle or securing point selection can reduce the system’s effectiveness​ (lashing – methods basic…).

Conclusion

In summary, both top-over lashing and direct lashing serve important functions in securing cargo but differ in their mechanisms and ideal applications. Top-over lashing is easier to apply and versatile but offers limited securing force and is prone to allowing movement if the lashing angle is not optimal or cargo is prone to tipping. Direct lashing, while more complex and requiring more expertise, provides superior security by utilizing the full strength of the lashing system and directly countering potential forces.

For most heavy-duty or high-risk transport scenarios, direct lashing is the preferred method due to its higher securing capacity and ability to prevent cargo movement.

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